Contentious-Administrative proceedings:

Against the Trademark and Patent Office for registration concession or denegation.

• Disputes when the defendant is part of the Central Government Authority or a Government Institution, as for example when they have infringed IP rights.
• Subvention denegation disputes ( in films for example).

Civil Jurisdiction:

• Patents or trademarks litigation when suing the patent or trademark registered owner or the person who has caused the infringement.
• IP infringement litigation in non authorized use or plagiarism.
• Breach of IP contracts.
• Unfair Competition.

Criminal Jurisdiction:

• Criminal IP rights infringement,
  • By Internet: Peer to Peer networks, illegal materials selling and distribution.
  • Illegal street sells
  • Canon for private copy appropriation.
  • Video clubs and business that hire illegally products protected under IP regulations.
• Criminal Industrial Property infringements: brand label and trademarks counterfeit, especially luxury products, falsifications.
• Criminal parallel imports (introduced effectively into the Spanish legislation in 2005 and still to be settled)
• Criminal fraud of IP rights: sells by who is not licensee to sell, illegal exportations of somebody else’s authorship works with no authorisation….
• Image rights, Honour, Defamation

Illustration: “White horse” by Diego de Velázquez, 1635.